Protests have disrupted Thailand's general election, halting voting in parts of Bangkok and the south, but officials say that 89% of polling stations operated normally. Voting was cancelled in 42 out of 333 districts in an election boycotted by the opposition. PM Yingluck Shinawatra called the vote to head off weeks of mass protests. Her party is widely expected to win but legal challenges and a lack of a quorum of MPs may create a political limbo.
Ms Yingluck, who won the last election in 2011, voted soon after polls opened on Sunday near her Bangkok home. Her opponents took to the streets in November after her government tried to pass an amnesty law that would potentially have allowed her brother, Thaksin, to return from exile.
Thaksin, a former prime minister who fled during a court case in 2008, is reviled by the protesters, who say he controls the government from abroad.
'I want to vote'
Security has been heavy throughout Thailand, with vast areas under a state of emergency because of the protests. "The situation overall is calm and we haven't received any reports of violence this morning," National Security Council chief Paradorn Pattanatabutr told Reuters.
Security officials said about 130,000 personnel had been deployed across Thailand on Sunday, including 12,000 in Bangkok. There has been little campaigning for the election and it was unclear how many Thais had turned out.
Protests prevented voting from taking place in 438 of Bangkok's 6,671 polling stations, and there was no voting at all in nine southern provinces. Some six million registered voters were affected by the closures, the Election Commission said. The government said there was no disruption in the north and north-east of the country.
Ms Yingluck's Pheu Thai party has overwhelming support in these regions, while the south and parts of the capital are strongholds of the opposition Democrat Party, which is boycotting the election.
But John Sudworth says it is "business as usual" at many polling stations in Bangkok. The BBC's Jonathan Head in Bangkok says demonstrators blocked access to voters at some polling stations in the capital and prevented ballot papers reaching those polling stations. Some voters expressed frustration when they found their local polling stations blocked.
"This is too much. I want to vote,"' 42-year-old Yupin Pintong told the Associated Press news agency. "I don't care if there's violence. I will be really upset if I don't get to vote."
Anti-government activist Nipon Kaewsook told Reuters: "We're not blocking the election. We're postponing it.. We still need an election, but we need reform first."
One high-profile politician, independent candidate and anti-corruption campaigner Chuwit Kamolvisit, brawled with anti-election activists. "They tried to attack me while I was trying to vote," he said.
"Today is an important day,'" Ms Yingluck said as she voted. "I would like to invite Thai people to come out and vote to uphold democracy."
However, disruption to candidate registration means that even if she wins, there will not be enough MPs in parliament for Ms Yingluck to have full power over government policy, and by-elections will be needed.
The opposition is also likely to mount legal challenges to the election.
Ms Yingluck's party is already facing a host of challenges in the courts aiming to disband it, as has happened with pro-Thaksin parties in the past.
The Democrat Party, which is allied to the protesters, has been unable to win a majority in parliament for more than two decades.
Many of its members want the government to be replaced by an unelected "people's council" that would oversee wide reform of the political system.
Trouble broke out in Bangkok on Saturday in a violent clash between pro- and anti-government groups.
A gun battle erupted in the Lak Si constituency as anti-government protesters blockaded a building storing ballot papers.
At least seven people were wounded.
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